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Ancient Greek personal names
The study of ancient Greek personal names is a branch of onomastics, the study of names,〔E. Eichler and others, ''Namenforschung'', 3 vols., 1995〕 and more specifically of anthroponomastics, the study of names of persons. There are hundreds of thousands of Greek names on record, making them an important resource for any general study of naming, as well as for the study of Ancient Greece itself. The names are found in literary texts, on coins and stamped amphora handles, and, much more abundantly, in inscriptions and (in Egypt) on papyri. This article will concentrate on Greek naming from the 8th century BC, when the evidence begins, to the end of the 6th century AD.〔O. Masson, 'Les noms propres d'homme en grec ancien', in E. Eichler and others, ''Namenforschung'', vol. I (1995), 706-710〕
== Single names and names within families ==
Ancient Greeks usually had one name, but another element was often added in semi-official contexts or to aid identification: a father’s name (patronym) in the genitive case, or in some regions as an adjectival formulation. A third element might have been added, indicating the individual’s membership to a particular kinship or other grouping. Thus the orator Demosthenes, while proposing decrees in the Athenian assembly, was known as "Demosthenes, son of Demosthenes of Paiania"; Paiania was the deme or regional sub-unit of Attica to which he belonged by birth. If we used that system, Abraham Lincoln would have been called "Abraham, son of Thomas (of Kentucky)" (where he was born). In some rare occasions, if a person was illegitimate or fathered by a non-citizen, they might use their mother's name instead of their father's. Children of wealthy families were named in a public ceremony called ''dekátē'' () ten days after birth.〔()〕〔(Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'' )〕
Demosthenes was unusual in bearing the same name as his own father; it was more common for names to alternate between generations or between lines of a family. Thus it was common to name a first son after his paternal grandfather, and the second after the maternal grandfather, great-uncle, or great-aunt. A speaker in a Greek court case explained that he had named his four children after, respectively, his own father, the father of his wife, a relative of his wife, and the father of his own mother.〔() 43. 74.〕 Alternatively, family members might adopt variants of the same name, as for instance "Demippos, son of Demotimos".
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